How are the glyph hack bonuses calculated?












9















Did anyone come across a formula for the calculation of the glyph hacks? There seem to be many questions and attempts at it but I couldn't find any definite answer.










share|improve this question



























    9















    Did anyone come across a formula for the calculation of the glyph hacks? There seem to be many questions and attempts at it but I couldn't find any definite answer.










    share|improve this question

























      9












      9








      9


      1






      Did anyone come across a formula for the calculation of the glyph hacks? There seem to be many questions and attempts at it but I couldn't find any definite answer.










      share|improve this question














      Did anyone come across a formula for the calculation of the glyph hacks? There seem to be many questions and attempts at it but I couldn't find any definite answer.







      ingress






      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question











      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question










      asked Apr 20 '15 at 18:43









      Montag451Montag451

      3,65952268




      3,65952268






















          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          11














          The formulas in this post on glyph hacking are based on extensive field testing.



          Relevant part from the post:





          +------------+--------------------+------------+
          | Portal lvl | Perfect hack bonus | Time limit |
          +------------+--------------------+------------+
          | 1 | +28% | 20s |
          | 2 | +40% | 20s |
          | 3 | +55% | 20s |
          | 4 | +55% | 19s |
          | 5 | +55% | 18s |
          | 6 | +80% | 17s |
          | 7 | +80% | 16s |
          | 8 | +112% | 15s |
          +------------+--------------------+------------+


          Hack bonus:


          Bhack = 10 × Gcorrect + P × Bperfect



          Speed bonus:


          Bspeed = P × ⌊100 × Tleft ÷ Tlimit



          AP:


          APbase = 50 × Gcorrect



          APbonus = 20 × P × 20.5×Gcorrect



          AP = APbase + APbonus + Bspeed



          where:





          • P is 1 if all glyphs were drawn correctly and 0 otherwise (P = ⌊Gcorrect ÷ Gtotal⌋),


          • Bhack is the hacking bonus,


          • Gcorrect is the number of glyphs you got correct,


          • Gtotal is the total number of glyphs in the sequence,


          • Bperfect is the perfect hack bonus corresponding to the number of glyphs in the sequence, as shown in the table above,


          • Bspeed is the speed bonus,


          • Tleft is the time remaining on the clock,


          • Tlimit is the total time you were given to draw the sequence, as shown in the table above,


          • APbase is the amount of AP earned for correctly-drawn glyphs,


          • APbonus is bonus AP earned for drawing all glyphs correctly,


          • AP is the total amount of AP earned from the glyph hack. (Note: Does not include AP from hacking enemy portals.)


          Example: Suppose you perform a perfect glyph hack on a L7 portal with 5 seconds left. Your hacking bonus would be 10% × 4 + 1 × 80% = 120% (4 correct glyphs and perfect hack bonus). Your speed bonus would be 1 × ⌊100 × 5 ÷ 16⌋ = 31% (5 out of 16 seconds left). Finally, you would earn 8 glyph hacking points and 50 × 4 + 20 × 1 × 20.5×4 + 31 = 311 AP.






          share|improve this answer





















          • 1





            I'm a bit worried that basicly the entire answer is in a picture. It's not as risky as a link- or video-only answer, but if the picutre ever gets taken down, the answer will be useless. It would benefit the answer's longevity to write out at least the text portion of it. I belive StackExchange has some support for mathematic notation. It's used a lot on mathematics oriented SE-sites.

            – DJ Pirtu
            Apr 21 '15 at 9:06











          • While hacking enemy portal we get more AP near about 401

            – YaBoiSandeep
            Jun 2 '15 at 11:48






          • 2





            That's because just hacking an enemy portal gives you +100 ap, then the glyphs add in.

            – hanetzer
            Jun 13 '15 at 20:35






          • 1





            Neat writeup to calculate the AP bonus. What I have a question on (or am maybe missing in the explanation) is how the item bonus ends up being calculated. E.g. I do a perfect 4 glyph hack and the UI tells me I get 120% for that, then a 68% speed bonus. Does this mean I get 188% more items?

            – Chuck Claunch
            Feb 25 '16 at 20:43



















          0














          Okay so can you put that into non math words and just tell me how to get the most ap? Like is getting the all right the ideal no matter the time or is finishing quicky better? Like an example would be I complex hack 5s all day. But when fracking 8s, AP wise is it better to get them all correct or finishing quickly with like 4 out of five?



          Like how should I prioritize?
          Accuracy
          Speed
          Portal Lvl






          share|improve this answer








          New contributor




          DandyFirebeast is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
          Check out our Code of Conduct.




















            Your Answer








            StackExchange.ready(function() {
            var channelOptions = {
            tags: "".split(" "),
            id: "41"
            };
            initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

            StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
            // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
            if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
            StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
            createEditor();
            });
            }
            else {
            createEditor();
            }
            });

            function createEditor() {
            StackExchange.prepareEditor({
            heartbeatType: 'answer',
            autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
            convertImagesToLinks: false,
            noModals: true,
            showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
            reputationToPostImages: null,
            bindNavPrevention: true,
            postfix: "",
            imageUploader: {
            brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
            contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
            allowUrls: true
            },
            noCode: true, onDemand: true,
            discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
            ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
            });


            }
            });














            draft saved

            draft discarded


















            StackExchange.ready(
            function () {
            StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fgaming.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f214779%2fhow-are-the-glyph-hack-bonuses-calculated%23new-answer', 'question_page');
            }
            );

            Post as a guest















            Required, but never shown

























            2 Answers
            2






            active

            oldest

            votes








            2 Answers
            2






            active

            oldest

            votes









            active

            oldest

            votes






            active

            oldest

            votes









            11














            The formulas in this post on glyph hacking are based on extensive field testing.



            Relevant part from the post:





            +------------+--------------------+------------+
            | Portal lvl | Perfect hack bonus | Time limit |
            +------------+--------------------+------------+
            | 1 | +28% | 20s |
            | 2 | +40% | 20s |
            | 3 | +55% | 20s |
            | 4 | +55% | 19s |
            | 5 | +55% | 18s |
            | 6 | +80% | 17s |
            | 7 | +80% | 16s |
            | 8 | +112% | 15s |
            +------------+--------------------+------------+


            Hack bonus:


            Bhack = 10 × Gcorrect + P × Bperfect



            Speed bonus:


            Bspeed = P × ⌊100 × Tleft ÷ Tlimit



            AP:


            APbase = 50 × Gcorrect



            APbonus = 20 × P × 20.5×Gcorrect



            AP = APbase + APbonus + Bspeed



            where:





            • P is 1 if all glyphs were drawn correctly and 0 otherwise (P = ⌊Gcorrect ÷ Gtotal⌋),


            • Bhack is the hacking bonus,


            • Gcorrect is the number of glyphs you got correct,


            • Gtotal is the total number of glyphs in the sequence,


            • Bperfect is the perfect hack bonus corresponding to the number of glyphs in the sequence, as shown in the table above,


            • Bspeed is the speed bonus,


            • Tleft is the time remaining on the clock,


            • Tlimit is the total time you were given to draw the sequence, as shown in the table above,


            • APbase is the amount of AP earned for correctly-drawn glyphs,


            • APbonus is bonus AP earned for drawing all glyphs correctly,


            • AP is the total amount of AP earned from the glyph hack. (Note: Does not include AP from hacking enemy portals.)


            Example: Suppose you perform a perfect glyph hack on a L7 portal with 5 seconds left. Your hacking bonus would be 10% × 4 + 1 × 80% = 120% (4 correct glyphs and perfect hack bonus). Your speed bonus would be 1 × ⌊100 × 5 ÷ 16⌋ = 31% (5 out of 16 seconds left). Finally, you would earn 8 glyph hacking points and 50 × 4 + 20 × 1 × 20.5×4 + 31 = 311 AP.






            share|improve this answer





















            • 1





              I'm a bit worried that basicly the entire answer is in a picture. It's not as risky as a link- or video-only answer, but if the picutre ever gets taken down, the answer will be useless. It would benefit the answer's longevity to write out at least the text portion of it. I belive StackExchange has some support for mathematic notation. It's used a lot on mathematics oriented SE-sites.

              – DJ Pirtu
              Apr 21 '15 at 9:06











            • While hacking enemy portal we get more AP near about 401

              – YaBoiSandeep
              Jun 2 '15 at 11:48






            • 2





              That's because just hacking an enemy portal gives you +100 ap, then the glyphs add in.

              – hanetzer
              Jun 13 '15 at 20:35






            • 1





              Neat writeup to calculate the AP bonus. What I have a question on (or am maybe missing in the explanation) is how the item bonus ends up being calculated. E.g. I do a perfect 4 glyph hack and the UI tells me I get 120% for that, then a 68% speed bonus. Does this mean I get 188% more items?

              – Chuck Claunch
              Feb 25 '16 at 20:43
















            11














            The formulas in this post on glyph hacking are based on extensive field testing.



            Relevant part from the post:





            +------------+--------------------+------------+
            | Portal lvl | Perfect hack bonus | Time limit |
            +------------+--------------------+------------+
            | 1 | +28% | 20s |
            | 2 | +40% | 20s |
            | 3 | +55% | 20s |
            | 4 | +55% | 19s |
            | 5 | +55% | 18s |
            | 6 | +80% | 17s |
            | 7 | +80% | 16s |
            | 8 | +112% | 15s |
            +------------+--------------------+------------+


            Hack bonus:


            Bhack = 10 × Gcorrect + P × Bperfect



            Speed bonus:


            Bspeed = P × ⌊100 × Tleft ÷ Tlimit



            AP:


            APbase = 50 × Gcorrect



            APbonus = 20 × P × 20.5×Gcorrect



            AP = APbase + APbonus + Bspeed



            where:





            • P is 1 if all glyphs were drawn correctly and 0 otherwise (P = ⌊Gcorrect ÷ Gtotal⌋),


            • Bhack is the hacking bonus,


            • Gcorrect is the number of glyphs you got correct,


            • Gtotal is the total number of glyphs in the sequence,


            • Bperfect is the perfect hack bonus corresponding to the number of glyphs in the sequence, as shown in the table above,


            • Bspeed is the speed bonus,


            • Tleft is the time remaining on the clock,


            • Tlimit is the total time you were given to draw the sequence, as shown in the table above,


            • APbase is the amount of AP earned for correctly-drawn glyphs,


            • APbonus is bonus AP earned for drawing all glyphs correctly,


            • AP is the total amount of AP earned from the glyph hack. (Note: Does not include AP from hacking enemy portals.)


            Example: Suppose you perform a perfect glyph hack on a L7 portal with 5 seconds left. Your hacking bonus would be 10% × 4 + 1 × 80% = 120% (4 correct glyphs and perfect hack bonus). Your speed bonus would be 1 × ⌊100 × 5 ÷ 16⌋ = 31% (5 out of 16 seconds left). Finally, you would earn 8 glyph hacking points and 50 × 4 + 20 × 1 × 20.5×4 + 31 = 311 AP.






            share|improve this answer





















            • 1





              I'm a bit worried that basicly the entire answer is in a picture. It's not as risky as a link- or video-only answer, but if the picutre ever gets taken down, the answer will be useless. It would benefit the answer's longevity to write out at least the text portion of it. I belive StackExchange has some support for mathematic notation. It's used a lot on mathematics oriented SE-sites.

              – DJ Pirtu
              Apr 21 '15 at 9:06











            • While hacking enemy portal we get more AP near about 401

              – YaBoiSandeep
              Jun 2 '15 at 11:48






            • 2





              That's because just hacking an enemy portal gives you +100 ap, then the glyphs add in.

              – hanetzer
              Jun 13 '15 at 20:35






            • 1





              Neat writeup to calculate the AP bonus. What I have a question on (or am maybe missing in the explanation) is how the item bonus ends up being calculated. E.g. I do a perfect 4 glyph hack and the UI tells me I get 120% for that, then a 68% speed bonus. Does this mean I get 188% more items?

              – Chuck Claunch
              Feb 25 '16 at 20:43














            11












            11








            11







            The formulas in this post on glyph hacking are based on extensive field testing.



            Relevant part from the post:





            +------------+--------------------+------------+
            | Portal lvl | Perfect hack bonus | Time limit |
            +------------+--------------------+------------+
            | 1 | +28% | 20s |
            | 2 | +40% | 20s |
            | 3 | +55% | 20s |
            | 4 | +55% | 19s |
            | 5 | +55% | 18s |
            | 6 | +80% | 17s |
            | 7 | +80% | 16s |
            | 8 | +112% | 15s |
            +------------+--------------------+------------+


            Hack bonus:


            Bhack = 10 × Gcorrect + P × Bperfect



            Speed bonus:


            Bspeed = P × ⌊100 × Tleft ÷ Tlimit



            AP:


            APbase = 50 × Gcorrect



            APbonus = 20 × P × 20.5×Gcorrect



            AP = APbase + APbonus + Bspeed



            where:





            • P is 1 if all glyphs were drawn correctly and 0 otherwise (P = ⌊Gcorrect ÷ Gtotal⌋),


            • Bhack is the hacking bonus,


            • Gcorrect is the number of glyphs you got correct,


            • Gtotal is the total number of glyphs in the sequence,


            • Bperfect is the perfect hack bonus corresponding to the number of glyphs in the sequence, as shown in the table above,


            • Bspeed is the speed bonus,


            • Tleft is the time remaining on the clock,


            • Tlimit is the total time you were given to draw the sequence, as shown in the table above,


            • APbase is the amount of AP earned for correctly-drawn glyphs,


            • APbonus is bonus AP earned for drawing all glyphs correctly,


            • AP is the total amount of AP earned from the glyph hack. (Note: Does not include AP from hacking enemy portals.)


            Example: Suppose you perform a perfect glyph hack on a L7 portal with 5 seconds left. Your hacking bonus would be 10% × 4 + 1 × 80% = 120% (4 correct glyphs and perfect hack bonus). Your speed bonus would be 1 × ⌊100 × 5 ÷ 16⌋ = 31% (5 out of 16 seconds left). Finally, you would earn 8 glyph hacking points and 50 × 4 + 20 × 1 × 20.5×4 + 31 = 311 AP.






            share|improve this answer















            The formulas in this post on glyph hacking are based on extensive field testing.



            Relevant part from the post:





            +------------+--------------------+------------+
            | Portal lvl | Perfect hack bonus | Time limit |
            +------------+--------------------+------------+
            | 1 | +28% | 20s |
            | 2 | +40% | 20s |
            | 3 | +55% | 20s |
            | 4 | +55% | 19s |
            | 5 | +55% | 18s |
            | 6 | +80% | 17s |
            | 7 | +80% | 16s |
            | 8 | +112% | 15s |
            +------------+--------------------+------------+


            Hack bonus:


            Bhack = 10 × Gcorrect + P × Bperfect



            Speed bonus:


            Bspeed = P × ⌊100 × Tleft ÷ Tlimit



            AP:


            APbase = 50 × Gcorrect



            APbonus = 20 × P × 20.5×Gcorrect



            AP = APbase + APbonus + Bspeed



            where:





            • P is 1 if all glyphs were drawn correctly and 0 otherwise (P = ⌊Gcorrect ÷ Gtotal⌋),


            • Bhack is the hacking bonus,


            • Gcorrect is the number of glyphs you got correct,


            • Gtotal is the total number of glyphs in the sequence,


            • Bperfect is the perfect hack bonus corresponding to the number of glyphs in the sequence, as shown in the table above,


            • Bspeed is the speed bonus,


            • Tleft is the time remaining on the clock,


            • Tlimit is the total time you were given to draw the sequence, as shown in the table above,


            • APbase is the amount of AP earned for correctly-drawn glyphs,


            • APbonus is bonus AP earned for drawing all glyphs correctly,


            • AP is the total amount of AP earned from the glyph hack. (Note: Does not include AP from hacking enemy portals.)


            Example: Suppose you perform a perfect glyph hack on a L7 portal with 5 seconds left. Your hacking bonus would be 10% × 4 + 1 × 80% = 120% (4 correct glyphs and perfect hack bonus). Your speed bonus would be 1 × ⌊100 × 5 ÷ 16⌋ = 31% (5 out of 16 seconds left). Finally, you would earn 8 glyph hacking points and 50 × 4 + 20 × 1 × 20.5×4 + 31 = 311 AP.







            share|improve this answer














            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer








            edited Jun 10 '15 at 6:06

























            answered Apr 21 '15 at 8:39









            kaarelkaarel

            32925




            32925








            • 1





              I'm a bit worried that basicly the entire answer is in a picture. It's not as risky as a link- or video-only answer, but if the picutre ever gets taken down, the answer will be useless. It would benefit the answer's longevity to write out at least the text portion of it. I belive StackExchange has some support for mathematic notation. It's used a lot on mathematics oriented SE-sites.

              – DJ Pirtu
              Apr 21 '15 at 9:06











            • While hacking enemy portal we get more AP near about 401

              – YaBoiSandeep
              Jun 2 '15 at 11:48






            • 2





              That's because just hacking an enemy portal gives you +100 ap, then the glyphs add in.

              – hanetzer
              Jun 13 '15 at 20:35






            • 1





              Neat writeup to calculate the AP bonus. What I have a question on (or am maybe missing in the explanation) is how the item bonus ends up being calculated. E.g. I do a perfect 4 glyph hack and the UI tells me I get 120% for that, then a 68% speed bonus. Does this mean I get 188% more items?

              – Chuck Claunch
              Feb 25 '16 at 20:43














            • 1





              I'm a bit worried that basicly the entire answer is in a picture. It's not as risky as a link- or video-only answer, but if the picutre ever gets taken down, the answer will be useless. It would benefit the answer's longevity to write out at least the text portion of it. I belive StackExchange has some support for mathematic notation. It's used a lot on mathematics oriented SE-sites.

              – DJ Pirtu
              Apr 21 '15 at 9:06











            • While hacking enemy portal we get more AP near about 401

              – YaBoiSandeep
              Jun 2 '15 at 11:48






            • 2





              That's because just hacking an enemy portal gives you +100 ap, then the glyphs add in.

              – hanetzer
              Jun 13 '15 at 20:35






            • 1





              Neat writeup to calculate the AP bonus. What I have a question on (or am maybe missing in the explanation) is how the item bonus ends up being calculated. E.g. I do a perfect 4 glyph hack and the UI tells me I get 120% for that, then a 68% speed bonus. Does this mean I get 188% more items?

              – Chuck Claunch
              Feb 25 '16 at 20:43








            1




            1





            I'm a bit worried that basicly the entire answer is in a picture. It's not as risky as a link- or video-only answer, but if the picutre ever gets taken down, the answer will be useless. It would benefit the answer's longevity to write out at least the text portion of it. I belive StackExchange has some support for mathematic notation. It's used a lot on mathematics oriented SE-sites.

            – DJ Pirtu
            Apr 21 '15 at 9:06





            I'm a bit worried that basicly the entire answer is in a picture. It's not as risky as a link- or video-only answer, but if the picutre ever gets taken down, the answer will be useless. It would benefit the answer's longevity to write out at least the text portion of it. I belive StackExchange has some support for mathematic notation. It's used a lot on mathematics oriented SE-sites.

            – DJ Pirtu
            Apr 21 '15 at 9:06













            While hacking enemy portal we get more AP near about 401

            – YaBoiSandeep
            Jun 2 '15 at 11:48





            While hacking enemy portal we get more AP near about 401

            – YaBoiSandeep
            Jun 2 '15 at 11:48




            2




            2





            That's because just hacking an enemy portal gives you +100 ap, then the glyphs add in.

            – hanetzer
            Jun 13 '15 at 20:35





            That's because just hacking an enemy portal gives you +100 ap, then the glyphs add in.

            – hanetzer
            Jun 13 '15 at 20:35




            1




            1





            Neat writeup to calculate the AP bonus. What I have a question on (or am maybe missing in the explanation) is how the item bonus ends up being calculated. E.g. I do a perfect 4 glyph hack and the UI tells me I get 120% for that, then a 68% speed bonus. Does this mean I get 188% more items?

            – Chuck Claunch
            Feb 25 '16 at 20:43





            Neat writeup to calculate the AP bonus. What I have a question on (or am maybe missing in the explanation) is how the item bonus ends up being calculated. E.g. I do a perfect 4 glyph hack and the UI tells me I get 120% for that, then a 68% speed bonus. Does this mean I get 188% more items?

            – Chuck Claunch
            Feb 25 '16 at 20:43













            0














            Okay so can you put that into non math words and just tell me how to get the most ap? Like is getting the all right the ideal no matter the time or is finishing quicky better? Like an example would be I complex hack 5s all day. But when fracking 8s, AP wise is it better to get them all correct or finishing quickly with like 4 out of five?



            Like how should I prioritize?
            Accuracy
            Speed
            Portal Lvl






            share|improve this answer








            New contributor




            DandyFirebeast is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
            Check out our Code of Conduct.

























              0














              Okay so can you put that into non math words and just tell me how to get the most ap? Like is getting the all right the ideal no matter the time or is finishing quicky better? Like an example would be I complex hack 5s all day. But when fracking 8s, AP wise is it better to get them all correct or finishing quickly with like 4 out of five?



              Like how should I prioritize?
              Accuracy
              Speed
              Portal Lvl






              share|improve this answer








              New contributor




              DandyFirebeast is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
              Check out our Code of Conduct.























                0












                0








                0







                Okay so can you put that into non math words and just tell me how to get the most ap? Like is getting the all right the ideal no matter the time or is finishing quicky better? Like an example would be I complex hack 5s all day. But when fracking 8s, AP wise is it better to get them all correct or finishing quickly with like 4 out of five?



                Like how should I prioritize?
                Accuracy
                Speed
                Portal Lvl






                share|improve this answer








                New contributor




                DandyFirebeast is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                Check out our Code of Conduct.










                Okay so can you put that into non math words and just tell me how to get the most ap? Like is getting the all right the ideal no matter the time or is finishing quicky better? Like an example would be I complex hack 5s all day. But when fracking 8s, AP wise is it better to get them all correct or finishing quickly with like 4 out of five?



                Like how should I prioritize?
                Accuracy
                Speed
                Portal Lvl







                share|improve this answer








                New contributor




                DandyFirebeast is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                Check out our Code of Conduct.









                share|improve this answer



                share|improve this answer






                New contributor




                DandyFirebeast is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                Check out our Code of Conduct.









                answered 14 mins ago









                DandyFirebeastDandyFirebeast

                1




                1




                New contributor




                DandyFirebeast is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                Check out our Code of Conduct.





                New contributor





                DandyFirebeast is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                Check out our Code of Conduct.






                DandyFirebeast is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                Check out our Code of Conduct.






























                    draft saved

                    draft discarded




















































                    Thanks for contributing an answer to Arqade!


                    • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

                    But avoid



                    • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

                    • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


                    To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




                    draft saved


                    draft discarded














                    StackExchange.ready(
                    function () {
                    StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fgaming.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f214779%2fhow-are-the-glyph-hack-bonuses-calculated%23new-answer', 'question_page');
                    }
                    );

                    Post as a guest















                    Required, but never shown





















































                    Required, but never shown














                    Required, but never shown












                    Required, but never shown







                    Required, but never shown

































                    Required, but never shown














                    Required, but never shown












                    Required, but never shown







                    Required, but never shown







                    Popular posts from this blog

                    Fluorita

                    Hulsita

                    Península de Txukotka